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Aboriginal Treaties and Relations

A test using the Canada in the Making site

This test was developed for use with the Canada's Constitutional history portion of the Canada in the Making Web site.

Sections:

Multiple Choice
True/False
Fill in the Blanks
Matching
Short Answer
Essay Questions

Multiple Choice

Circle the correct response:

1. Before the arrival of Europeans, Aboriginal peoples across what is now Canada made agreements between nations using:

a. the Covenant Chain.
b. warfare.
c. potlatches.
d. oral treaties.

2. The Great Peace of 1701 was made between

a. Britain and France.
b. France and the Iroquois Confederacy.
c. Britain and the Iroquois Confederacy.
d. The Netherlands and the Iroquois Confederacy.

3. Between 1725 and 1779, colonial governments in what is now New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the northeastern United States signed peace agreements with Aboriginal nations in those areas. These agreements were known as

a. the Covenant Chain.
b. the Great Law of Peace of the People.
c. the Peace and Friendship Treaties.
d. none of the above.

4. This 1763 document made it illegal for private individuals to make treaties with Aboriginal peoples, as any future negotiation would be done in public by British representatives.

a. The Royal Proclamation.
b. The Québec Act.
c. The Constitutional Act.
d. The Great Law of Peace of the People.

5. American revolutionaries referred to the Québec Act as one of the

a. Irresponsible Acts.
b. Intolerable Acts.
c. Unforgivable Acts.
d. Just Acts.

6. During the American revolution, this Mohawk chief remained staunchly loyal of the British:

a. Joseph Brant
b. Tecumseh
c. Poundmaker
d. Joseph Gladstone

7. During the signing of the Upper Canada treaties from 1764-1836, it was common for British officials to

a. ask Aboriginal leaders to sign blank treaties.
b. make promises but not put them on the treaty.
c. ask Aboriginals to surrender land in exchange for money or goods.
d. do all of the above.

8. This treaty between the United States and Britain, made after the American Revolution, allowed Aboriginals to cross the border freely.

a. The Métis Treaty.
b. The Niagara Treaty.
c. The Jay Treaty.
d. The Selkirk Treaty.

9. The governor general responsible for rescinding the Niagara Treaty felt that Aboriginal peoples would not integrate into white society. His name was

a. Georges Vanier.
b. Guy Carleton.
c. Sir Francis Bond Head.
d. Charles Metcalfe.

10. After Confederation, the responsibility for signing treaties with Aboriginal peoples went to

a. the provincial governments.
b. the federal government.
c. the governor general.
d. municipal officials.

11. A series of treaties were signed with Aboriginal peoples on the Prairies and in the North. They were the

a. Williams Treaties.
b. Peace and Friendship Treaties.
c. Numbered Treaties.
d. none of the above.

12. Which of the following was considered an Indian under the Indian Act, 1876?

a. A white man married to an Aboriginal woman.
b. A white woman married to an Indian man.
c. A Métis man.
d. Answers b and c.

13. Chief Poundmaker signed Treaty Number Six because

a. the government threatened to use the army to force his nation onto a reserve.
b. the buffalo were almost extinct, leaving his people without food.
c. his nation was promised self-government.
d. the United States was threatening to occupy his nation's land..

14. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the Canadian government banned

a. potlatches.
b. Sun Dances.
c. pow-wows
d. all of the above.

15. The Constitution Act, 1982, was important because it

a. gave Aboriginal peoples the right to vote.
b. gave Aboriginal peoples the right to self-government.
c. guaranteed the rights and freedoms of all Aboriginals.
d. recognized Aboriginal governments as a third level of government, after the federal and provincial governments.

True/False

Fill in the Blanks

26. Treaty Number Six contained a provision which allowed for a ________________________ to be kept in the home of an Indian agent for the use and benefit of the Aboriginal people in the area.

27. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the policy of the Canadian government toward aboriginal peoples was enfranchisement and _______________________.

28. Aboriginal peoples answered the government's 1969 White Paper on Aboriginal policy with their own paper, called the ____________________.

29. A land claims agreement in the 1990s led to the creation of __________________ Territory.

30. When the Selkirk Treaty was negotiated, the ________________ were not included.

31. Aboriginals who sided with Britain during the American Revolution were called _____________________.

32. "Six Nations" was a synonym for the ____________________.

33. The Shawnee war chief, _____________________, provided much leadership to Aboriginal peoples loyal to the British during the War of 1812.

34. "First Nations" refers to all the indigenous people in North America except _________________.

35. In 1869, the ____________________________ sold the Selkirk Treaty lands to the government of Canada.

Matching

Match the document with the year:

Short Answer

Answer two (2) of the following questions in less than ten lines (100 words).

46. In the past - and still, some argue, in the present - Europeans and Aboriginal peoples had different understandings of land ownership. Explain.

47. Why is the Royal Proclamation, 1763 considered a very important document for Aboriginal rights?

48. In what ways was the Iroquois Confederacy caught between sides before and during the American Revolution, and why did some choose to stay loyal to the British?

49. Bill C-31 in 1985 amended the Indian Act, 1876 in important ways for Aboriginal peoples. Identify one way it changed and briefly explain the effects of the change.

50. Residential schools represented an effort of the federal government to "improve" Aboriginal peoples, yet are now widely regarded as failures. Give three reasons why they failed.

Essay Questions

Answer one of the following essay questions.

51. Identify the roots behind one of the following documents and the significant provisions and consequences of the document for Aboriginals in Canada:

Indian Act, 1876
The Numbered Treaties
The Williams Treaties
Constitution Act, 1982
The Charlottetown Accord, 1992

52. The Numbered Treaties were negotiated with both sides hoping to gain something. Identify what each side (i.e.: the federal government and Aboriginal peoples) hoped to gain, what they did receive, and how this met or did not meet their expectations.

53. The terms of treaties negotiated often reflected the power relationship between Europeans and Aboriginal peoples. Explain this argument, using examples.

54. The Riel Rebellions were sparked by similar demands, but ended very differently. Explain what the root causes of the rebellions were, and why they ended differently.

55. The Aboriginal Rights movement has gained strength since the beginning of the twentieth century. Describe three or four major events in this evolution, explaining the consequences of each event.